Ontwerpprincipes voor multimedia en leren

Vandaag stuitte ik op een mooi overzicht van de 12 ontwerpprincipes die Richard Mayer in zijn boek Multimedia Learning (2001; 2009) beschrijft. Bij de voorbereiding van een les waarin je gebruik maakt van bijvoorbeeld een PowerPoint, een online course (o.a. Blackboard), een video of kennisclip/weblecture, is het goed rekening te houden met de door Mayer benoemde ontwerpprincipes: 

1. Coherence Principle – People learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded rather than included. 
2. Signalling Principle – People learn better when cues that highlight the organization of the essential material are added. 
3. Redundancy Principle – People learn better from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration and on-screen text. 
4. Spatial Contiguity Principle – People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen. 
5. Temporal Contiguity Principle – People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively. 
6. Segmenting Principle – People learn more deeply when a narrated animation is presented in learner-paced segments than as a continuous unit.
7. Pre-training Principle – People learn better from a multimedia lesson when they know the names and characteristics of the main concepts. 
8. Modality Principle – People learn better from graphics and narrations than from animation and on-screen text. 
9. Multimedia Principle – People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. 
10. Personalization Principle – People learn better from multimedia lessons when words are in conversational style rather than formal style. 
11. Voice Principle – People learn better when the narration in multimedia lessons is spoken in a friendly human voice rather than a machine voice. 
12. Image Principle – People do not necessarily learn better from a multimedia lesson when the speaker’s image is added to the screen. 

Zie voor meer informatie

• Mayer, R.E. (2001; 2009): Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press.